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Abstract
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Introduction: polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine condition that is a
leading cause of infertility among women who are reproductively mature with an upward trend
incidence worldwide. There are research studies which indicate that there is a genetic component
to PCOS as some studies have found that there is an increased risk of developing it among firstdegree
relatives of women with the condition.
Purpose: Since women with PCOS are characterized by inflammation, metabolic abnormalities,
and endocrine imbalances, we sought to determine whether gene expression profiles of specific
endometrial cell populations, including eMSCs, in PCOS endometrium could provide insight into
the origin of these abnormalities and subfertility.
Methods/ Material: We used the GSE48301 dataset in order to screen differentially expressed
genes (DEGs) in our study. A further analysis of miRNA enrichment was carried out. Using the
STRING database, protein-protein interactions were visualized and analyzed.
Results: According to gene expression analysis, 108 genes were highly expressed during cyst
formation, while 85 genes were decreased. An increase in expression was observed in three genes
named CCNA2, SMAD2 and MCM3 within the cell cycle pathway. As far as these three genes
are concerned, MCM3 appears to be more important than the others. In addition, we identified mmu-miR-1843-3p, mmu-miR-1949, and mmu-miR-219-5p as regulatory factors for these three
genes after analyzing miRNAs.
Discussion: Considering the important role of the MCM3 gene in the cell cycle and its expression
and importance in the tissues of the uterus and cervix, as previously studied by researchers, as well
as observing the expression of this gene in cystic tissues, this gene could be used as a target for
gene therapy and biomarkers. Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that there is a need for more
comprehensive studies in this area.
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