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Abstract
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Fuel cells are on the verge of competing with fossil fuels and other energy sources to produce
clean electricity in a variety of sectors. Due to their high efficiency of energy conversion, quick
start-up, simple design, low working temperature, and compatibility with the environment, proton
exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells have attracted enormous attention among the different types
of fuel cells [1]. The gas diffusion layer (GDL), which
usually consists of a macroporous substrate
and a microporous layer, is inserted between
the catalyst layer and bipolar plate of the
PEM fuel cell and has multifaceted roles as
shown in Fig. 1. In fact, GDL is a porous
component that plays a vital role in mass,
heat, and electricity transfer [2].
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