مشخصات پژوهش

Fuel cells are on the verge of competing with fossil fuels and other energy sources to produce clean electricity in a variety of sectors. Due to their high efficiency of energy conversion, quick start-up, simple design, low working temperature, and compatibility with the environment, proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells have attracted enormous attention among the different types of fuel cells [1]. The gas diffusion layer (GDL), which usually consists of a macroporous substrate and a microporous layer, is inserted between the catalyst layer and bipolar plate of the PEM fuel cell and has multifaceted roles as shown in Fig. 1. In fact, GDL is a porous component that plays a vital role in mass, heat, and electricity transfer [2].