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Abstract
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Increasing thermal performance and preventing heat loss are very important in energy conversion
systems, especially for new and complex products that exacerbate this need. Therefore, to solve
this challenge, a trapezoidal cavity with a wavy top wall containing water/ethylene glycol GO–Al2O3
nanofluid is simulated using Galerkin finite element method. The effects of physical parameters
affecting thermal performance and fluid flow, including porosity (ℇ), thermal radiation (Rd), magnetic
field angle (α), Rayleigh number (Ra) and Hartmann number (Ha), are investigated in the determined
ratios. The results of applied boundary conditions showed that the optimal values for Ra, Ha, ℇ, Rd
and α are 1214.46, 2.86, 0.63, 0.24 and 59.35, respectively. Considering that changes in radiation have
little effect on streamlines and isothermal lines. Optimization by RSM and Taguchi integration resulted
in optimal Nu detection. It provided a correlation for the average Nu based on the investigated
determinants due to the conflicting influence of the study factors, which finally calculated the highest
average Nusselt number of 3.07. Therefore, the ideal design, which is the primary goal of this research,
increases the thermal performance
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