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Keywords
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cellulose acetate, electrospinning, nanoencapsulation, probiotic, zenyan
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Abstract
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Bifidobacterium bifidum (BCFE) cell-free
extract and zenyan (Carum copticum L.) seed
water (ZWE) and ethanolic (ZEE) extract in electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers
and evaluate antimicrobial potential. The zeta potential, SEM image, antibacterial
(MIC and MBC), and antifungal (MIC and MFC) activities were evaluated. TPC
(total phenol content) of water and ethanol extract of zenyan seed were 14.05 and
136.44 mg GAE/g, respectively. A zeta potential of −40.25, −45.80, −43.71, 48.55,
35.50, 47.93, 31.50, 44.69, and −29.61 mV was found for nanofibers of pure CA (cellulose
acetate), CA/LCFE, CA/BCFE, CA/ZWE, CA/ZEE, CA/LCFE/ZWE, CA/LCFE/
ZEE, CA/BCFE/ZWE, and CA/LCFE/ZEE, respectively. CA electrospun nanofiber
loaded with different extracts showed nanosized diameter and uniform structure.
Nanoencapsulated extracts showed considerably higher antibacterial and antifungal
activity compared to free extracts. Antibacterial activity of lactobacilli cell-free
extract was higher than bifidobacteria, which indicated the presence of the higher
amount of antibacterial compounds in lactobacilli extract. Gram-positive
bacteria (S.
aureus and L. monocytogenes) had the lowest MIC and MBC of free and nanoencapsulated
extracts while Gram-negatives
(E. coli, S. dysenteriae, and S. enteritidis) had higher
MIC and MBC. CA-coated
zenyan extracts (water and ethanolic) inhibited the growth
of the assayed fungi at the MIC ranging 0.25 to 0.95%. These concentrations were
1.5–2
times lower than those obtained for pure extracts. For nanoencapsulated cell-free
extracts of both probiotics, the MIC values were about five times lower than the
free extracts. The highest antimicrobial activity obtained for CA nanofibers contained
zenyan ethanolic extract and cell-free
extract of lactobacilli or bifidobacteria.
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