مشخصات پژوهش

In rodents, two main populations of kisspeptin neurons (KpN), the key factor in the stimulation of GnRH secretion, are the arcuate nucleus (Arc) and pre-optic area (POA) of the hypothalamus. Also, the presence of KpN in the medial amygdala, which is responsible in sexual behavior, has been proven. In addition, the presence of KpN outside the brain has been reported in structures such as the placenta and genitals. Given the importance of managing reproductive activities in livestock, this study provides a brief review about the distribution of KpN in domestic animals. Arc as the location of KpN, which regulates pulsatile secretion of gonadotropins, has the same status in cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, camels, cats, and dogs. POA is considered as the anterior location of KpN which activate preovulatory GnRH/LH surge in cattle, sheep, goats, cats, and camels, but interspecies differences have also been reported, so that the anterior KpN in pigs are located in the periventricular nuclei. There is skepticism about the presence of KpN in this area in horses. Among the posterior nuclei of hypothalamus, some KpN in dorsomedial and ventromedial nuclei in sheep, horses, and cattle have been reported. Furthermore, the presence of KpN has also been reported in the amygdala of sheep and goats. Parts of the uterus, including the uterine glands as well as various parts of the ovarian follicles of cats and dogs, and also parts of the male reproductive system containing Leydig cells in goats have been reported for the presence of KpN.