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Keywords
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Anti-fungal, Anti-adherence, Candida spp, Oral Candidiasis, Thymol, Carvacrol, Voriconazole
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Abstract
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Background: Natural isopropyl cresols, such as thymol and carvacrol, have been known to have antifungal activities.
Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the anti-adherence and antifungal activities of thymol, carvacrol, fluconazole,
and voriconazole against oral isolates of Candida albicans (C. albicans), C. glabrata, and C. krusei.
Methods: The susceptibility assay for the test compounds was performed using the disk diffusion method against all Candida isolates.
Also, anti-adherence activity was examined using a rapid and highly reproducible 96 well microtiter-based method.
Results: Both natural phenols and antifungal drugs revealed various efficacies against studied Candida species. The susceptibility
to fluconazole and voriconazole were 100% for C. albicans, 50% and 90% for C. glabrata, and 0% and 100% for C. krusei isolates, respectively.
Themeandiameter of the inhibition zone was greater for thymol than carvacrol in C. albicans (19.890.80mmversus 17.05
0.61 mm), C. glabrata (18.870.71mmversus 15.770.57 mm), and C. krusei (15.110.91mmversus 13.911.04 mm) isolates tested.
Thymol showed more effective inhibition on adherence of all Candida species than other treatments. The mean relative adherence
ratios for C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. krusei were 0.50, 0.60, and 0.64, respectively.
Conclusions: This study demonstrated significant inhibitory properties of thymol and carvacrol on the adherence and growth of
azole susceptible- and -resistant Candida isolates. Also, thymol was more effective for preventing the adherence of yeast cells to
polystyrene in comparison to carvacrol.
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