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Abstract
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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of silymarin on diclofenac-induced acute liver and kidney poisoning in domestic pigeons (Columba livia). The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs leads to adverse drug effects such as cardiovascular and gastrointestinal hemorrhage and also side effects of kidney. The vast amount of pharmacological attributes possessed by silymarin describes the remarkable content of research aimed at understanding its effect in the remedy of diverse diseases. Fifteen pigeons were randomly assigned into 3 groups (1, 2, and 3). Group 1 pigeons served as the negative control group and only were given tap water. Groups 2 and 3 were administered diclofenac (15 milligram/kilogram PO q12h) at the onset of the study, hour 0 until 24 hours. The third group of pigeons was moreover treated with silymarin (35 milligram/kilogram), beginning at 12 hours after diclofenac exposure, with the silymarin treatment continuing q12h for 48 hours. Blood samples were taken from the birds at time 0, 12, 24, and 48 of the experiment for serum biochemistry analysis. The results indicated that treatment of pigeons with silymarin reduced the serum level of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, Uric acid, and Urea and relatively increased albumin and total protein. Clinical observations also indicated the presence of toxication symptoms which included loss of appetite, diarrhea, and lethargy. These symptoms improved faster in the silymarin group. can be concluded that silymarin reduces acute liver and kidney damage caused by diclofenac in pigeons.
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