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Abstract
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Background:
A gene called PTEN gives instructions for creating an enzyme that is present in practically all bodily tissues. The enzyme functions as a tumor suppressor, which implies that it aids in controlling cell division by preventing cells from proliferating (growing and dividing) too quickly or uncontrollably. Undescended testis (UDT), also known as cryptorchidism, is the result of the testes failing to descend into the scrotum during fetal development. It can be unilateral or bilateral. The risk factor for male infertility, cryptorchidism, has a significant influence on the architecture and histology of the testes, limiting reproductive function, and PTEN plays a crucial role in both conditions.
Methods:
In this study, GSE25518 raw data was used, in which Twenty-three testicular biopsies from 22 boys were analyzed (19 testes from 18 boys with cryptorchidism) and 4 contralateral descended testes from patients with testicular agenesis. Microarray testing was done after testicular biopsies were taken. Then Statistical Analysis, Interpretation of Microarray Data, and examining the Protein-Protein interaction network and the role of genes was performed using R/Bioconductor, String, Cytoscape, Gephi, and Enrichr.
Results:
After the key genes with significant expression (adjusted p-value<0.05, and log2-fold change>2) were identified, in the Protein-Protein interaction network, during the examination of Degree, Betweenness, Closeness, and Eigenvectors, it was found that the PTEN gene is the most key gene and has the main role in this gene network, which according to the analysis of the microarray results has a decrease in expression in cryptorchidism.
Conclusion:
The findings and important functions of PTEN in the cell cycle and signaling pathways lead to the conclusion that this gene is one of the main factors contributing to infertility and may be utilized as a predictor of prognosis. Additionally, several novel approaches to personal treatment could concentrate on
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