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Abstract
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Abstract
The histological and histochemical structures of the proventriculus of starling (Sturnus
vulgaris) were examined using haematoxylin and eosin and special staining, that is
periodic acid schiff (PAS), Masson's trichrome, Alcian blue, Orcein and Reticulin. All
three cranial, middle and caudal parts of the proventriculus were also studied. The
study results showed that the wall of the proventriculus consisted of mucosal, submucosal,
muscular and serosal tunics. The mucosal tunic presented folds and sulci
on its luminal surface. In the first third of the proventriculus, the tunica mucosa
characterized by presence of folds lined by stratified squamous epithelium and presence
of simple tubular glands in the lamina propria. In the middle and caudal thirds
of the proventriculus, the surface was covered by a columnar epithelium, and the
branched tubular glands were extended through the lamina propria. From the base
of the branched tubular glands, the deep proventricular glands were observed that
were compound tubuloalveolar lobules. The surface epithelium of the tunica mucosa
and the cells lining the proventricular glands showed a positive reaction to PAS
and Alcian blue stainings. In addition, the epithelial cells of the tubular and branched
tubular glands showed Masson's trichrome‐positive reaction. The submucosal tunic
was thin in the proventricular wall. The tunica muscularis was formed by a thin inner
layer of longitudinal smooth muscle fibres and a thick outer layer of circular fibres.
The serosa consisted of loose connective tissue, rich in blood vessels and covered by
mesothelium.
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