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چکیده
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In the present study, special attention is paid to numerically investigate the aerodynamic performance of the NACA 0012
airfoil under rain and icing conditions with the aim to better understand the severe aerodynamic performance penalties of
aircraft in flight. Furthermore, in order to control the flow separation and improve the aerodynamic performance of the
airfoil under critical atmospheric conditions, the Gurney flap with different heights is attached to the trailing edge of the
airfoil. The simulation is done at a Reynolds number of 3.1×105 under different atmospheric conditions including dry, rain,
icing and coupling of rain and icing conditions. A two-way momentum coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian multiphase method
is used to simulate the process of water film layer formed on the airfoil surface due to rainfall. According to the results,
accumulation of water due to rainfall and ice accretion on the airfoil surface inevitably provides notable negative effects on
the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil. It is concluded that icing induces a higher aerodynamic degradation than rain due
to very intensive ice accretion. The Gurney flap as a passive flow control method with a favorable height for each condition
is very beneficial. The maximum increment of the lift-to-drag ratio is achieved by Gurney flap with a height of 0.01 of airfoil
chord length for dry and rain conditions and 0.02 of airfoil chord length for icing and coupling of rain and icing conditions,
respectively.
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